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Gods of the Upper Air
Gods of the Upper Air: How a Circle of Renegade Anthropologists Reinvented Race, Sex, and Gender in the Twentieth Century | Charles King
A dazzling group portrait of Franz Boas, the founder of cultural anthropology, and his circle of women scientists, who upended American notions of race, gender, and sexuality in the 1920s and 1930s--a sweeping chronicle of how our society began to question the basic ways we understand other cultures and ourselves. At the end of the 19th century, everyone knew that people were defined by their race and sex and were fated by birth and biology to be more or less intelligent, able, nurturing, or warlike. But one rogue researcher looked at the data and decided everyone was wrong. Franz Boas was the very image of a mad scientist: a wild-haired immigrant with a thick German accent. By the 1920s he was also the foundational thinker and public face of a new school of thought at Columbia University called cultural anthropology. He proposed that cultures did not exist on a continuum from primitive to advanced. Instead, every society solves the same basic problems--from childrearing to how to live well--with its own set of rules, beliefs, and taboos. Boas's students were some of the century's intellectual stars: Margaret Mead, the outspoken field researcher whose Coming of Age in Samoa is one of the most widely read works of social science of all time; Ruth Benedict, the great love of Mead's life, whose research shaped post-Second World War Japan; Ella Deloria, the Dakota Sioux activist who preserved the traditions of Native Americans of the Great Plains; and Zora Neale Hurston, whose studies under Boas fed directly into her now-classic novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God. Together, they mapped vanishing civilizations from the Arctic to the South Pacific and overturned the relationship between biology and behavior. Their work reshaped how we think of women and men, normalcy and deviance, and re-created our place in a world of many cultures and value systems. Gods of the Upper Air is a page-turning narrative of radical ideas and adventurous lives, a history rich in scandal, romance, and rivalry, and a genesis story of the fluid conceptions of identity that define our present moment.
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steph_phanie
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My 2021 Reading Roundup:
23 titles total
3 e-books
1 borrowed/returned
1 read/gifted

My Top Six:
1. Gods of the Upper Air by #CharlesKing (tagged)
2. The House in the Cerulean Sea by #TJKlune
3. The Death and Life of the Great Lakes by #DanEgan
4. They Both Die at the End by #AdamSilvera
5. The Thursday Murder Club by #RichardOsman
6. How to Hide an Empire by #DanielImmerwahr

Honorary Mention:
Some Things I Still Can't Tell You by #MishaCollins

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steph_phanie
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Pickpick

⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ I highly recommend this! Such timely and important work!
~
𝘎𝘰𝘥𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘜𝘱𝘱𝘦𝘳 𝘈𝘪𝘳 is about a small group of anthropologists, all inspired and anchored by Franz Boas, who worked passionately and tirelessly to ultimately dismantle what science and policy of the time held dear: that our worth and our abilities are defined by our race, our sex, and our nationality.

(Continued in comments)

steph_phanie It is about imperfect women and men trying to perfect our understanding of what it means to be human and to be part of a society, a belief system, and a culture.

It follows them into the field as they study people both near and far, and documents how this fieldwork led to everything from revolutionary ideas that reshaped law and education, to widely-read works of literature like 𝘛𝘩𝘦𝘪𝘳 𝘌𝘺𝘦𝘴 𝘞𝘦𝘳𝘦 𝘞𝘢𝘵𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘎𝘰𝘥.
3y
steph_phanie This book takes a long look at racism and the "science" used to weaponize it in the United States and abroad. It tells of the policies and practices that influenced the Holocaust and WWII, and how anthropological work guided our post-war occupation of Japan.

Charles King compiles all this into a manuscript that reads more like a story; one interspersed with excerpts from personal correspondence, professional works, and photographs. I found it very captivating, sometimes comical, and often upsetting. Adventures in Papua New Guinea get a bit dark, competition between former lovers/scientific rivals leads to everlasting bitterness, and the way in which some of this text mirrors today's America is impossible to ignore.
3y
steph_phanie All this research and retelling culminates in one thought, which I'll borrow not from the author but from SMU's Human Rights professor, Dr. Halperin: 𝙏𝙝𝙚𝙧𝙚 𝙞𝙨 𝙣𝙤 𝙨𝙪𝙘𝙝 𝙩𝙝𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙖𝙨 𝙖 𝙡𝙚𝙨𝙨𝙚𝙧 𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙨𝙤𝙣.

#science #socialtheory #anthropology #racism #sex #highlyrecommend #greatread
3y
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steph_phanie

I had an unexpected laugh this morning!

After discussing Edward Sapir's criticism of Margaret Mead (his former lover, who ultimately rejected him) via a "thinly veiled attack on 'free women' who failed to understand that jealousy was a universal human emotion", Charles King wrote:

"Mead responded in kind. Jealousy, she said in her own article on the subject, was in her experience frequently found among old men with small endowments." (p. 246) ?

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steph_phanie
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What is it about a person eating alone and reading a book that says "talk to me about anything and everything"??

Took myself out to a late lunch, thinking I could squeeze in some reading (I am so into the tagged book) but NOOOOO...my waiter wants to talk to me about the Gabby Petito case!

I literally had my face in my book, and he came up and asked, "So are you following that girl's case?" ?

Photo of my fabulous Nutella & banana crepe.

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steph_phanie
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"Every society trains itself to see categories. Whom you love, whom you hate, the kind of person you'd be disgusted to see your daughter marry—none of these problems follow universal rules of attraction or repulsion. They are instead notions fired in the crucible of culture. The mobilization of sham science to justify bigotry might be said to be a deep characteristic of only one culture: that of the developed West." (p. 179)

1 like1 comment
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steph_phanie
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This book is right up my alley! My little world-traveling heart and anthropology minor self are loving it so far! Particularly the revelation of "Herzensbildung" being interpreted here as "the training of one's heart to see the humanity of another."

That is the main reason I so love to travel and to encourage others to do so. As King writes of Boas, "changing his place in the world had changed his perspective on it."

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Floresj
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Pickpick

Good history of the Boas circle of anthropologists and their biographies. Boas emphatically refuted claims that one race was superior than another throughout the early to mid 1900s. Little long in some parts, but it encompassed a lot of material. If you like how research is done on cultures or history of the science of race, this is a good pick.

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ChaoticMissAdventures
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Pickpick

A great read if you are interested in the beginning of Anthropology and Boas, Mead and the fight for women to be taken seriously in the field.
There was not as much information about Zora as I would have liked. But overall it is a good and easy to follow read.

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Pedrocamacho
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Pickpick

This is great book about the work of Frank Boas, Ruth Benedict, Margaret Mead, Zora Neale Hurston, etc. Their approach to anthropology upended the dominant theories of their time (late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century) which depended upon false notions of fixed racial and gender capacities (as well as fixed social norms). It‘s a very enlightening read.

10 likes2 stack adds